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Gliosis is a widespread parenchymal reaction in the central nervous system, serving as an indicator of a pathological process, although it is not entirely specific. It is a response of the central nervous system to injury in the brain or spinal cord. While subtle changes may occur earlier, gliosis is typically observed two to three weeks after an injury. Almost any central nervous system injury can lead to gliosis, making its presence not diagnostic for a specific pathological entity.

Gliosis is a distinctive feature of many diseases of the central nervous system, including conditions like multiple sclerosis and stroke. This process involves the production of an intense fibrous neuroglial network in the damaged areas, resulting in the formation of scars in the central nervous system.